Publicación:
Methodology to characterize and quantify debris generation in residential buildings after seismic events
Methodology to characterize and quantify debris generation in residential buildings after seismic events
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2017
Autores
García-Torres S.
Kahhat R.
Santa-Cruz S.
Título de la revista
Revista ISSN
Título del volumen
Editor
Elsevier B.V.
Proyectos de investigación
Unidades organizativas
Número de la revista
Abstracto
Earthquakes are natural phenomena that can cause severe damage to housing infrastructure and prolonged disruption to society. Depending on their magnitude, epicenter location, local construction characteristics, and many other features, earthquakes may generate large amounts of debris and waste. The large amounts of debris generated after the disaster become one of the main problems for a population facing health issues and the need to reconstruct the city. Proper characterization and quantification of debris, subsequent waste management and reconstruction planning are essential for the restoration of an area affected by an earthquake. This study presents a methodological approach to characterize, quantify and forecast the debris produced as a consequence of earthquakes, as well as the flow of materials required for the reconstruction of the area affected. The proposed methodology includes a residential infrastructure characterization stage, a probabilistic estimation of damage by characterizing the vulnerability functions using CAPRA-GIS tool, and material flow analyses (MFA) for the characterization and quantification of debris associated with the event of an earthquake and for new materials for the reconstruction stage. A case study was developed to test this methodological approach. The residential sector of Tacna, a city with high seismic risk located on the southern coast of Peru, was selected. Moreover, five different construction systems (i.e., reinforced masonry-bearing walls with concrete diaphragms, adobe, wood, concrete shear walls, and straw) used in the residential sector of Tacna were characterized. Also, three possible earthquake scenarios (i.e., 8.6 Mw, 7.5 Mw and 6.2 Mw) were analyzed, each one with three different material end-of-life management situations. Simultaneously, the origin and quantities of new materials needed for the reconstruction of housing infrastructure were determined. The flow of new materials considered productivity rates in the construction and manufacturing sectors. The results show that in the presence of the greatest earthquake (8.6 Mw), adobe and straw homes suffered greatest damage, with damage proportions of 63% and 48%, yielding 27,000 and 1390 tonnes of debris, respectively. Also, 204,000 tonnes of concrete, 7400 tonnes of steel and 461,400 tonnes of clay brick were included as debris generated in this scenario. Furthermore, for all scenarios, the MFA provides an estimate of regional import of materials (e.g., cement, steel, brick and wood) for the reconstruction phase. Finally, the methodology is applicable to developed and undeveloped countries with different housing types, their respective vulnerability functions and constant earthquake recurrence.
Descripción
This project was partially funded by CONCYTEC within the framework of the 012-2013-FONDECYT Agreement and the Common Funds 2014 of the PUCP Academic Directorate of Social Responsibility. Finally, the authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers, Joshua Wolfe and Lesley Vázquez for their valuable comments to previous versions of this manuscript.
Palabras clave
wood,
Brick,
Concretes,
Debris,
Geophysics,
Housing,
Risk analysis,
Seismology,
Shear walls,
Walls (structural partitions),
Waste management,
Construction systems,
Earthquake recurrence,
End of life managements,
Methodological approach,
Probabilistic estimation,
Urban stocks,
Vulnerability,
Earthquakes,
building,
developing world,
disaster management,
earthquake damage,
earthquake recurrence,
planning method,
quantitative analysis,
residential location,
vulnerability,
waste management,
Article,
building material,
clay brick,
construction work,
debris,
earthquake,
forecasting,
housing,
materials management,
Peru,
quantitative analysis,
straw,
structure collapse,
waste,
Peru,
Capra