3.2 Pasantías y ponencias

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12390/361

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Examinando 3.2 Pasantías y ponencias por Tema "aged"
  • Publicación
    Cognitive impairment and hypertension in older adults living in extreme poverty: A cross-sectional study in Peru
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2017)
    Lazo-Porras M.
    ;
    Ortiz-Soriano V.
    ;
    Moscoso-Porras M.
    ;
    Runzer-Colmenares F.M.
    ;
    Málaga G.
    ;
    Jaime Miranda J.
    Previous studies have shown that hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, but whether this association is also present in extremely poor populations in Low Middle Income Countries settings remains to be studied. Understanding other drivers of cognitive impairment in this unique population also merits attention. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis using data from the "Encuesta de Salud y Bienestar del Adulto Mayor", a regional survey conducted in an extremely poor population of people older than 65 years old from 12 Peruvian cities in 2012. The outcome variable was cognitive impairment, determined by a score of ≤7 in the modified Mini-Mental State Examination. The exposure was self-reported hypertension status. Variables such as age, gender, controlled hypertension, education level, occupation, depression and area of living (rural/urban) were included in the adjusted analysis. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusting for confounders. Results: Data from 3842 participants was analyzed, 51.8% were older than 70 years, and 45.6% were females. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 1.7% (95% CI 1.3%-2.1%). There was no significant difference on the prevalence of cognitive impairment between the group of individuals with hypertension in comparison with those without hypertension (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.33-1.23). Conclusions: The association described between hypertension and cognitive impairment was not found in a sample of extremely poor Peruvian older adults. © 2017 The Author(s).
  • Publicación
    Evaluation of cognitive impairment in elderly population with hypertension from a low-resource setting: Agreement and bias between screening tools
    (Elsevier, 2016)
    Lazo-Porras M.
    ;
    Pesantes M.A.
    ;
    Miranda J.J.
    ;
    Bernabe-Ortiz A.
    Introduction The evaluation of cognitive impairment in adulthood merits attention in societies in transition and especially in people with chronic diseases. Screening tools available for clinical practice and epidemiological studies have been designed in high-income but not in resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement and bias of three common tools used for screening of cognitive impairment in people with hypertension: the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Leganés Cognitive Test (LCT). Methods A cross-sectional study enrolling participants with hypertension from a semi-urban area in Peru was performed. The three screening tools for cognitive impairment were applied on three consecutive days. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was calculated for each test. Pearson's correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement and bias between screening tools. Results We evaluated 139 participants, mean age 76.5 years (SD ± 6.9), 56.1% females. Cognitive impairment was found in 28.1% of individuals using LCT, 63.3% using MMSE, and 100% using MoCA. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.501 between LCT and MoCA, to 0.698 between MMSE and MoCA. Bland-Altman plots confirmed bias between screening tests. The agreement between MMSE and LCT was 60.4%, between MMSE and MoCA was 63.3%, and between MoCA and LCT was 28.1%. Conclusions Three of the most commonly used screening tests to evaluate cognitive impairment showed major discrepancies in a resource-constrained setting, signaling towards a sorely need to develop and validate appropriate tools. © 2016 The Authors
  • Publicación
    Sexual Dysfunction Risk and Associated Factors in Young Peruvian University Women
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2011)
    Escajadillo-Vargas N.
    ;
    Mezones-Holguín E.
    ;
    Castro-Castro J.
    ;
    Córdova-Marcelo W.
    ;
    Blümel J.E.
    ;
    Pérez-López F.R.
    ;
    Chedraui P.
    Assess female sexual dysfunction (FSD) risk and associated factors in young Peruvian university women. The method used was a nested case-control study, using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Cases were defined as women with total FSFI scores at or below 26.55 (increased FSD risk). Demographic characteristics, gynecologic aspects, body mass index, mood disorders, substance abuse, and issues related to the couple, were also evaluated.