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Spatial and temporal controls on the distribution of indium in xenothermal vein deposFits: The Huari Huari district, Potosí, Bolivia

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dc.contributor.author Torró, L. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Melgarejo J.C. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Gemmrich L. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Mollinedo D. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Cazorla M. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Martínez Á. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Pujol-Solà N. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Farré-De-Pablo J. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Camprubí A. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Artiaga D. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Torres B. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Alfonso P. es_PE
dc.contributor.author Arce O. es_PE
dc.date.accessioned 2024-05-30T23:13:38Z
dc.date.available 2024-05-30T23:13:38Z
dc.date.issued 2019
dc.description.abstract The Huari Huari deposit, Potosí Department in SW Bolivia, hosts polymetallic stratiform and vein mineralization of Miocene age with significant concentrations of the critical metal indium (In). Vein mineralization records document early crystallization of quartz and cassiterite followed by prominent associations of sulfides and sulfosalts. The earliest sulfide was arsenopyrite, followed by pyrrhotite, and progressively giving way to pyrite as the main iron sulfide, whereas C-u-Ag-Pb sulfosalts constitute late hypogene associations. Sphalerite is the chief ore mineral, and its crystallization is extended during most of the mineralization lifespan as evidenced by its initial cocrystallization with pyrrhotine, then with pyrite, and finally with Ag-Pb sulfosalts. The composition of sphalerite varies from early to late generations with a continuous decrease in FeS that attests to a decrease in temperature, which is constrained to vary from ~450 to <200 °C, and/or an increase in f(S2), both congruent with the described paragenetic sequence. Indium concentrated mostly in the structure of Fe-rich sphalerite (up to 3.49 wt. %) and stannite (up to 2.64 wt. %) as limited solid solutions with roquesite in the (Zn,Fe)S-Cu2FeSnS4-CuInS2pseudoternary system. In sphalerite, In shows a strong positive correlation with Cu at Cu/In = 1, suggesting its incorporation via a (Cu+ + In3+) ? 2Zn2+ coupled substitution, and it does not correlate with Fe. In stannite, In shows a moderate, negative correlation with Cu and Sn, and an In3+ ? (Cu+ + 1/2 Sn4+) coupled substitution is suggested. Coexisting sphalerite and stannite yielded the highest In concentrations and crystallized at temperatures between 350 and 250 °C. Copper activity probably played a major role in the accumulation of In in the structure of sphalerite since In-bearing sphalerite coexisted with the deposition of stannite, shows high concentrations of Cu (up to 0.13 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.)) in its structure, and hosts exsolutions of stannite and chalcopyrite. Distribution on the district scale of In suggests an input of hydrothermal fluids richer in Cu in the central position of the mineralizing system, represented by the Antón Bravo vein. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.description.sponsorship Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concytec
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.3390/min9050304
dc.identifier.scopus 2-s2.0-85070367002
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12390/2713
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher MDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartof Minerals
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject Polymetallic vein deposits
dc.subject Bolivian-type deposits es_PE
dc.subject Central andes es_PE
dc.subject Critical metals es_PE
dc.subject Indium es_PE
dc.subject.ocde http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.03.04
dc.title Spatial and temporal controls on the distribution of indium in xenothermal vein deposFits: The Huari Huari district, Potosí, Bolivia
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dspace.entity.type Publication
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